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定語(yǔ)從句that造句

時(shí)間:2022-02-22 11:30:03 造句 我要投稿

定語(yǔ)從句that造句

  要怎么用定語(yǔ)從句that造句呢?以下是小編整理的定語(yǔ)從句that造句,歡迎閱讀。

定語(yǔ)從句that造句

  定語(yǔ)從句that造句:

  We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事情。

  Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有關(guān)此事,凡是你所知道的請(qǐng)告訴我。

  There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒(méi)有適合你的工作。

  When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人們談?wù)撈鹬袊?guó)的城市的時(shí)候,我首先 想到的是北京。

  This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。

  This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的一本最有趣的故事書。

  This is the very book that I'm looking for. 這正是我在找的書。

  The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的事就是等待。

  They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。

  Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過(guò)的誰(shuí)不欽佩他?

  Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪個(gè)是離地球比較近的星星?

  I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地記得當(dāng)我第一次聽(tīng)到世界上最美的聲音的時(shí)候。

  I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不記得上個(gè)月到達(dá)上海的確切時(shí)間了。

  The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。

  This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。

  定語(yǔ)從句中that和which的區(qū)別

  先行若是不定代,that就把which踹

  春雨驚春清谷天,夏滿芒夏暑相連,秋處露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一,下半年來(lái)八廿三,每月兩節(jié)日期定,最多相差一二天。當(dāng)先行詞為anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代詞時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎?

  先行詞前有兩數(shù),就用that定無(wú)誤

  當(dāng)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例句:

  That is the second time that I have been to Japan.

  那是我去日本的第二次。

  The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.

  坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。

  先行詞前最高級(jí),還用that必?zé)o疑

  當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例句:

  This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.

  這是我度過(guò)的最美好的時(shí)光。

  句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替

  例:

  There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.

  說(shuō)動(dòng)物擁有神秘的第六感,可以預(yù)知自然災(zāi)害,這是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。

  先行主中做表語(yǔ),避免重復(fù)從句里

  例句:

  1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.

  這已經(jīng)不再是以前那座醫(yī)院了。

  2)Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.

  湯姆森先生已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。

  解析:定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語(yǔ)。

  例句:

  Which is the course that we are to take ?

  我們要學(xué)哪門課?

  解析:句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重復(fù)用that。

  先行詞前有just/the only/very/same/last等詞,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which

  例句:

  1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.

  北極是唯一能見(jiàn)到北極熊的地方。

  2)This is the same bike that he lost.

  這就是他丟了的那輛自行車。

  注意區(qū)分:

  3) This is the same bike as he lost.

  這輛自行車和他丟的那輛一樣。(但不是)

  【定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯】

  1、自由式定語(yǔ)從句

  自由式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)句子中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同成分帶定語(yǔ)從句的情況。這種從句的先行詞沒(méi)有固定模式,在句中充當(dāng)不同的句子成分,故該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語(yǔ)從句稱為自由式定語(yǔ)從句。它們拆開(kāi)來(lái)看,其實(shí)就是一個(gè)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的定語(yǔ)從句,因此,其翻譯也和簡(jiǎn)單的定語(yǔ)從句相同。

  Examples:

  Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

  Chinese Translation No. 1:

  人們開(kāi)始理由充分地認(rèn)為,阿拉伯麥伍德哈里發(fā)王朝阿拉伯伍麥葉里發(fā)王朝是征服戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)完成后毫無(wú)作用的一個(gè)寄生集團(tuán);該王朝曾于661年從麥地那遷都大馬士革 。

  Chinese Translation No. 2:

  阿拉伯麥伍德王朝的統(tǒng)治者們征服了……,于661年將首都從麥地那遷往大馬士革,但此后他們便成了不折不扣的寄生蟲。

  2、嵌套式定語(yǔ)從句

  嵌套式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)句子中定語(yǔ)從句套定語(yǔ)從句的情況。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語(yǔ)從句其實(shí)和自由式定語(yǔ)從句基本相似,拆開(kāi)來(lái)也是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的定語(yǔ)從句,只不過(guò)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句在另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句之中而已。

  Examples:

  Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

  3、并列式定語(yǔ)從句

  并列式定語(yǔ)從句是并列成分中的定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)稱,指一個(gè)句子中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列成分均帶定語(yǔ)從句的`情況。

  Examples:

  This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

  這是一個(gè)防御性的盟約,旨在保護(hù)德國(guó)人免受法國(guó)人的攻擊,保護(hù)奧匈帝國(guó)免受俄國(guó)人的攻擊;因?yàn)榉▏?guó)人想收復(fù)1871年失去的阿爾薩斯-洛林地區(qū),而俄國(guó)人則在巴爾干半島同奧匈帝國(guó)接連不斷地發(fā)生沖突。

  【定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧】

  一、前置法

  當(dāng)一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義較為簡(jiǎn)單,或是較為簡(jiǎn)短時(shí),我們把英語(yǔ)原文的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組,放置于被修飾的詞之前,將英語(yǔ)原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。

  Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003)

  本句中the environment后面又跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。大家看下他是什么定語(yǔ)從句,是限定性還是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。限定性吧!它有什么特點(diǎn)呢,只有三個(gè)詞,意義和結(jié)構(gòu)都較為簡(jiǎn)單,因此我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候就要把它放在他所修飾的先行詞的前面。

  譯文:而且,人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而使所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想像。

  But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71)

  這個(gè)句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其先行詞是the patterns and structures.這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句比較簡(jiǎn)單,我們可以直接將其翻譯他所修飾的先行詞的前面。

  譯文:但更為重要的是,這是科學(xué)家們所能觀察到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的景象,因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

  二、單獨(dú)成句

  當(dāng)一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,意義較為繁雜的時(shí)候,如果把它翻譯在其修飾的先行詞的后面的話,會(huì)顯得定語(yǔ)太過(guò)于臃腫和復(fù)雜,而無(wú)法讓評(píng)卷老師看的清清楚楚,明明白白。所以這個(gè)時(shí)候我們要把定語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)翻譯出來(lái),放置于原來(lái)它所修飾的詞的后面當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。同時(shí)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,往往也要單獨(dú)成句。

  Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (2003,64)

  在這個(gè)句子中,whole后面是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)從句,無(wú)論從結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上看都較為復(fù)雜,所以翻譯時(shí)可以和先行詞拆開(kāi)。

  譯文:泰勒把文化定義為“一個(gè)復(fù)合體”,它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣。

  The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61)

  “which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.”是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面整個(gè)句子;在定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ong before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)Take Root,在狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,作realized的賓語(yǔ)。句中Take root in作“扎根“講。因此這個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是較為復(fù)雜的,所以我們采用單獨(dú)成句的翻譯方法。

  譯文:“希臘人認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過(guò)程有著某種關(guān)系,這種觀點(diǎn)在人們認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別之前就在歐洲扎了根。”

  三、融合法

  把主句和定語(yǔ)從句融合成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,定語(yǔ)從句譯成謂語(yǔ)。這種方法一般用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句,尤其是“there be”句型中。

  There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.

  樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。

  There are many people who are interested in the new invention.

  很多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明感興趣。

  四、狀譯法

  英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句,不僅僅起到一個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾的作用,而且在邏輯上(即意義上)與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系,表示原因、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折等等關(guān)系。所以廣大考生在翻譯的時(shí)候,應(yīng)盡量從英語(yǔ)句子的意義上發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系,然后翻譯成漢語(yǔ)中相對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)。

  比如:

  Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.(1997,71)

  在這個(gè)句子中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞an agreed account,而the world does not have是省略了從句引導(dǎo)詞that的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾something。這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句在這里有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系在里邊,所以要翻譯出來(lái)!

  譯文:事實(shí)并非如此,因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的,而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。

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