關于句子類別的英語講義
就結構而言,英語句子有4類:簡單句(the simple sentence),并列句(the compound sentence);復雜句(the complex sentence);并列復雜句(the compound-complex sentence)。
只有一個主語(subject)和謂語(predicate)的句子,叫簡單句。兩個或兩個以上的簡單句,由等立連詞(coordinating conjunction)and, or, but, so, for等連接的句子,叫并列句。例如:
① You can go there and see the manager.
② I like reading, but she likes singing.
③ Take it or leave it.
由一個主句(main clause)和至少一個從屬分句(也稱從句, (subordinate clause)合成的.句子,叫復雜句。根據性質和功能,從句有3種,即:㈠ 名詞從句(the noun clause);㈡形容詞從句(也稱定語從句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause );㈢副詞從句(也稱狀語從句, the adverb clause)。
如果一句里有兩個或以上的并列句,再加上至少一個從屬分句,這種句子就是并列復雜句。
從屬分句的共同點是,它們都要由從屬連詞(subordinating conjunction)引導而出。
名詞從句主要由That引導,如:
④ He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
⑤ That China is a big country cannot be denied.