定語從句關(guān)系代詞句子
無論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會,說到句子,大家肯定都不陌生吧,句子可分為單句和復(fù)句,單句又可分為主謂句和非主謂句。什么樣的句子才經(jīng)典呢?下面是小編精心整理的定語從句關(guān)系代詞句子,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用:1)引導(dǎo)定語從句;2)代替先行詞;3)在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。
關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 指代對象及在從句中所作的成分
使用要點
that
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
只用于限制性定語從句中,介詞后面不能跟that。 當(dāng)代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。
which
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學(xué)生已經(jīng)參軍了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的'所有格, 代物時,相當(dāng)于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
1.who指人,在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)
4. that指人時,相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時,相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
定語從句that
that常用作關(guān)系代詞,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物時有的時候可用which替換that,指人時可用who替換。但在下列情況下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事時
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時。如:
(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護(hù)那些瀕危的動植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告訴你的話。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫你的嗎?
2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我們圖書館,你可以借任何你想讀的書。
3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修飾時。如:
(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
這恰好是他們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個工廠。
(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
這種風(fēng)格的畫我們僅有一幅。
5. 先行詞是并列結(jié)構(gòu),既有人又有物時。如:
(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行詞前有the same 修飾,表示和先行詞是同一物時。如:
(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
這就是我昨天丟的那個錢夾。
注:如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物,則用the same…as….如:
(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
這個錢夾和我昨天丟的那個一樣。
7. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時。
(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時你買的那兩本。
8. 如果which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中又含有一個定語從句,為避免重復(fù),第二個定語從句用that。如:
(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他們建了一工廠,生產(chǎn)以前從未見過的東西。
9. 以which作主語開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重復(fù),定語從句用that。如。
(13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班車?
10. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時,而且通常省略。如:
(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前那個樣子了。
11. 關(guān)系代詞在there be 句型中作主語時,而且常可以省略。如:
(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
這是有史以來最快的列車。
二、that 指代某人時。
1. 泛指某人時。如:
(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一個從未一籌莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重復(fù)時。如:
(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我們校長說話的那人是誰?
3. 先行詞前有the same時。如:
(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
這和去年給我們作報告的是同一人。
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如:
(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作關(guān)系副詞,表示時間、地點、原因和方式,在口語中可以用來代替when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時,可用that作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
這就是他們開會遲到的原因嗎?
(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我們想找一個我們能野餐的地方。
(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
這是我第一次到國外去旅游。
(注:先行詞是time,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時,常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句或者省略。)
當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時,可用that引導(dǎo)定語從句, that常可以省略。
(24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。
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