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定語從句修飾句子
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作抑或是生活中，大家都經(jīng)常接觸到句子吧，根據(jù)句子的語氣用途不同，句子可以劃分為不同類型。究竟什么樣的句子才是好的句子呢？以下是小編為大家收集的定語從句修飾句子，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
一、定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語
1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。
2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。
關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。
二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
定語從句修飾代詞
在復(fù)合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。學(xué)習(xí)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語。如：
1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 這就是教我們英語的老師。(關(guān)系代詞who / that 作主語。)
2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你們懂不懂我剛才給你們講的那個句子?(關(guān)系代詞which / that 作have explained 的賓語。)
3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中國不再是過去那樣的國家了。(關(guān)系代詞that 作be的表語。)
4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你認(rèn)識那個在我們學(xué)校作文最好的學(xué)生嗎?(關(guān)系代詞whose作composition的定語。)
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句要注意下列幾個問題：
一、 關(guān)系代詞與先行詞。關(guān)系代詞所修飾的(或指代的)詞叫做先行詞;先行詞如果是“物”，則關(guān)系代詞用which或that; 先行詞如果是“人”，則關(guān)系代詞用who或that; 也就是說，that既可用來修飾“人”也可用來修飾“物”。如：
1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.
[分析]定語從句的先行詞為news-paper, 故關(guān)系代詞可以用which或that。
2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.
[分析]定語從句的先行詞為teacher, 故關(guān)系代詞可以用who或that。
但如果先行詞為all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代詞，或先行詞被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只用that; 如果先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞也只用that; 如果先行詞既有“人”又有“物”時，關(guān)系代詞也只能用that。如：
1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.
2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.
3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.
4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.
二、省略與不能省略。關(guān)系代詞作主語，不能省略;關(guān)系代詞作賓語，可以省略。如：
1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.
[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定語從句。關(guān)系代詞that作定語從句的主語，故不能省略。
2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.
[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which / that作定語從句里謂語動詞的賓語，故可以省略。
3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.
[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定語從句。關(guān)系代詞who/whom/that作謂語動詞saw的賓語，故可以省略。
三、whose的用法。不管先行詞是“人”還是“物”，都可以用關(guān)系代詞whose作定語修飾后面的名詞。如：
1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.
[分析] whose的先行詞是“人”;whose 的意思相當(dāng)于the students’， 在定語從句里充當(dāng)定語。
2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?
[分析] whose的先行詞是that house; whose window的意思相當(dāng)于the window of that house, 在定語從句里充當(dāng)定語。
四、who與 whom。 指代“人”的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主語時只能用who。如：
1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?
[分析] 因為關(guān)系代詞作asked的賓語，故既可以用who也可以用whom(當(dāng)然也可以省略)。
2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.
[分析]因為關(guān)系代詞作主語，故只能用who (當(dāng)然也可以用that)。
定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞
定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個：when, where和why，它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
表時間的名詞 + when + 定語從句
when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。
例： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
表地點的名詞 + where + 定語從句
where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。
例： The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
表原因的名詞reason + why + 定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)
例：That is the reason why I did the job. (在現(xiàn)代英語中why可以省略)
關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單，但以下注意點不可忽視：
1. “when”、“where”和“why”的運(yùn)用取決于表時間的名詞、表地點的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比較下面的幾組句子：
★I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
★I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
This is the hospital where my mother works.
This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2. “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”，介詞的選用取決于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如：
Do you still remember the day when/on which we first met in Nantong?
This is the room where/in which we lived last year.
Do you know the reason why/for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party?
有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關(guān)系，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu)，而不使用關(guān)系副詞。例：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3. 關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例：
I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有時關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現(xiàn)象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil”.
簡述“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的運(yùn)用中，介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選用需注意以下幾點：
一、介詞的選用原則
1.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。
①This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. (spend money on sth.為固定搭配)
② This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. (pay money for sth.為固定搭配)
2.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。
① I remember the day on which I joined the League. (強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天前要用介詞on)
②I remember the days during which I lived here. (強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時間內(nèi)要用介詞during)
③ I remember the month in which I stayed there. (在month前介詞要用in)
④ I don’t like the way (that /in which) he spoke to her. (先行詞為way，表示“方式、方法”后接that 或in which或者省略)
二、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who、that;關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。
① 剛才跟你談話的那個人是我的鄰居。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
② 我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實在很舒服。
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)
三、介詞可以后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。
① The person to whom you’ll write is Mr. Ball.
=The person (whom/that/who) you’ll write to is Mr. Ball.
②What do you think of the materials (which/that) these clothes were made of?
=What do you think of the materials of which these clothes were made?
四、含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
① 這是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking. (誤)
② 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。
The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (誤)
五、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：
① In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
② There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
③ Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
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